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Non-coking coal is the major resource of energy in India. Apart from its utilization in energy sector, the other major application of this coal is in metallurgical sector. The resource of high quality of non-coking coal is not available as per demand; as a result beneficiation of non-coking coal is now becoming essential. Jigging is one of the economical physical beneficiation processes for Indian...
The effect of RME (Rapeseed Methyl Ester) biodiesel and GTL (Gas-to-Liquid) fuels on the fuel consumption and emission characteristics including particulate matter of diesel engine was investigated. The engine tests were carried out based on the ESC 13-mode test procedure. Particulate Matter (PM) distribution was analyzed using the scanning mobility particle seizer (SMPS). Compared to the base line...
Upgrading of the vapor-phase products from the pyrolysis of miscanthus was carried out over Al-MCM-41, Al-MCM-48, HZSM-5 and mesoporous MFI (Meso-MFI). The characteristics of the catalysts used in this study were analyzed using N 2 -sorption and NH 3 -TPD. The catalytic activities were evaluated in terms of deoxygenation and the products composition. Catalytic upgrading improved the...
Flex-Fuel vehicles, launched in the Brazilian market in 2003, operate with gasoline blended with anhydrous ethanol (18–25% vol/vol), 100% hydrous ethanol (4.0–4.9% vol/vol of water) or any blend of these fuels. Dynamometer tests were conducted on a 1.4L, Flex-Fuel Otto engine. Gasoline with 25% vol/vol of anhydrous ethanol was blended with different ratios of hydrous ethanol. A programmable engine...
A series of high density renewable fuels has been synthesized through selective dimerization of α-pinene, camphene, limonene, and crude turpentine using the heterogeneous catalysts Nafion, Nafion SAC-13, and Montmorillonite K-10. Terpene dimers are produced in up to 90% yield depending on the feedstock. The preferred catalyst, Nafion SAC-13, could be recovered by simple filtration and reused up to...
The present study was designed to evaluate gasification performance of glycerol, overproduced from biodiesel fuel production, and lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate for hydrogen gas production by aqueous-phase reforming (APR) process. Lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate was prepared by solubilization of wheat straw under subcritical water condition. APR experiments were performed in a batch type...
Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) can potentially reduce vehicle fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions by using recuperated kinetic vehicle energy stored as electric energy in a hybrid system battery (HSB). Low ambient temperatures can affect the overall HEV powertrain operation under warm-up and hot driving conditions and, consequently, affect fuel consumption and emission performance. The present...
Coal fly ash is generated during the combustion of coal for energy production. Its utilisation as an industrial by-product has received a great deal of attention over the past two decades as more sustainable solutions to waste problems have been sought. The present paper reviews the potential applications for coal fly ash as a raw material: as a soil amelioration agent in agriculture, in the manufacture...
This article evaluates the environmental performance of a biofuel production system based on the fast pyrolysis of short-rotation poplar biomass using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The system includes a circulating fluidized bed reactor followed by bio-oil upgrading through hydrotreating and hydrocracking to produce gasoline and diesel. The investigated system was selected on the basis of...
A comparative study using diesel fuel and gasoline has been conducted focusing on the injection process. In this paper an experimental study has been carried out comparing the effects of the different fuels on the mass flow rate, momentum flux and spray visualization in non-reactive conditions with a conventional common rail system with a multi-hole injector and two different nozzle designs. Analysis...
This work demonstrates the application of support vector regression (SVR) applied to near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) data to solve regression problems associated to determination of quality parameters of diesel oil for an in-line blending optimizer system in a petroleum refinery. The determination of flash point and cetane number was performed using SVR and the results were compared with those obtained...
Experiments were conducted on bulk Boom Clay and Boom Clay kerogen concentrate in order to study bitumen formation during air oxidation. Samples were collected in the HADES underground facility of Mol (Belgium) during excavation of the Praclay gallery. Rock–Eval and elemental analyses show that the organic matter is immature and primarily of type III. Air oxidation experiments were carried out during...
Laboratory experiments conducted in the past century have shown that exposure of coal to CO 2 under unconfined, hydrostatic conditions leads to reversible adsorption and swelling. However, several authors also report irreversible changes in sorption capacity, sample volume, equilibration time and brittle failure strength. Some relate these effects to the formation of microfractures, while...
This paper deals with the numerical analysis of the influence of bioethanol addition to diesel and biodiesel fuel on the injection process. The considered fuels are; neat mineral diesel, neat biodiesel from rapeseed oil, and bioethanol–diesel and bioethanol–biodiesel blends up to 15% bioethanol concentration (v/v) with an increment of 5%. The flow through a single assembly to one cylinder is investigated...
Liquid foamers have gained their popularity in deliquifying aged natural gas wells and coal bed methane wells due to their cost effectiveness and ease of application. Foamers are usually combinational products with Corrosion Inhibitors (CIs) and Scale Inhibitors (SIs) included to provide additional benefits such as corrosion protection and addressing the scaling issues in these applications. Organic...
Ethanol provides a significant contribution to road transportation fuel in the US, Brazil, and elsewhere. Renewable fuels regulations in the US and EU imply that ethanol use will continue to increase in the near future. The high octane rating of ethanol could be used in a mid-level ethanol blend to increase the minimum octane number (Research Octane Number, RON) of regular-grade gasoline. Higher RON...
The performance and emissions of gasoline engine using different research octane number (RON) gasolines (91, 93, 95 97, and 98 RON) at varying spark timing (ST) has been presented in this paper. For this work, a single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated spark ignition engine requiring gasoline fuel with 95 RON was used. The original (ORG) ST of the engine is 23 °CA BTDC. The tests were conducted...
Biodiesel was produced by reactive extraction (RE) of castor seed to reduce the cost and time associated with conventional method. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between various important parameters of the RE process to obtain a high yield of FAME. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to statistically analyze and optimize the operating parameters of the process...
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